Petrol General information

                                           

                        Diesel  General information 

Key Points
Fire
• Flammable
• Mixtures of diesel vapour and air may be explosive
• Use foam and liquid-tight protective clothing with breathing apparatus
Health
• Irritating to eyes, lungs and skin
• Serious lung injury may occur if droplets of petrol are inhaled e.g. if vomiting occurs
after ingestion
• Prolonged skin exposure may cause skin irritation
• Is possibly carcinogenic to humans
• Diesel is not considered to cause damage to the unborn child
Environment
• Dangerous for the environment
• Inform Environment Agency of substantial incidents

Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuel and new engines and vehicles with advanced emissions control systems offer significant air quality improvement.
	Highway ULSD Fuel EPA standards have led to a major reduction in the sulfur content of diesel fuels. Highway Diesel			New Diesel Technology Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) is a cleaner-burning diesel fuel containing a maximum 15 parts- per-million (ppm) sulfur. Vehicle Performance
	Non-Road ULSD Fuel New EPA fuel standards for diesel fuel also apply to locomotive, marine and non- road engines and equipment, such as farm or construction equipment. Non-Road Diesel			Environmental Benefits  ULSD fuel along with new engine and emission control system technologies have an important role in improving air quality and providing human health benefits by significantly reducing current emissions. Environment and Health
Para leer en español el folleto sobre diesel ultra bajo en azufre Podcast - New - A Milestone for ULSD Fuel, 11/23/10 Energy Tomorrow Radio Podcast on ULSD

How to make Bio-diesel at home or farm (this is the secret your government doesn't want you to know because they are in bed with the oil industry, cigarette industry, alcohol industry, pharmaceutical industry, etc. etc., self sufficiency is not allowed and it has been made illegal! ):

From: Dave Cull dcull@mail.island.net
To: Matthew@HempWorld.com
Subject: Agua Das -- Hemp oil fuels
Date: Sunday, November 16, 1997 1:17 PM

Hemp Oil Fuels & How to Make ThemBy: A. Das

Introduction of Hemp Bio Diesel maybe the liquid fuel of the future. Hemp is a high yield C-4 photosynthesis plant. Hemp can boast a higher oilseed yield than any of today's oilseed crops (soy, canola or safflower).

Thirty years ago soy beans were a joke to American farmers. Who would have guessed that in thirty years soy beans would become the largest oil and protein crop in American farming. Right now Hemp farming is a joke to American farmers. Who knows what the next thirty years will do to American Hemp farming. Hemp fuels are yet another benefit of Domestic Industrial Hemp Farming. As we enter 1997 more than ten states will be considering Industrial Hemp Farm Bills. In the meantime, Hempseed must be grown out side the country. The major part of the cost of the inexpensive Hempseed is transportation from across the globe. The seed to produce a gallon of Hemp-seed oil can cost up to $100. All foreign production and shipping plans are doomed to high costs. I look forward to the days when a farmer can produce his own hempseed oil fuel as low as a dollar a gallon.

The following formula for making Hemp Diesel Fuel will work nicely to make small quantities of fuel to run the sound stage at your Hemp Rally this summer. A 4 kilowatt diesel generator uses around one liter an hour .Imagine walking to the microphone and saying, "The sound of my voice is coming to you with the power of Hemp Fuel !". Seeing is believing. I'll drive you around the state capital, Senator, In my Hemp Fueled Vehicle!

Bio Diesel is not a new fuel. The DOE and USDA have provided funding for research for years. The Biomass Conference of The Americas in Burlington Vermont had over a dozen papers presented on all aspects of Hemp as an oilseed cultivars. Lets get on with it!

How to Make Bio Diesel Titration of Free Fatty Acids. Measure Free Fatty Acid content of your oil: Mix 1 ml oil with 10 ml Isopropyl alcohol = 2 drops phenolthalian solution (available in a hobby shop chemistry set suppliers). Drop-wise add 0.1% lye solution ( 1 gm lye in one liter water ) until the solution stays pink for 10 seconds. (20 drops = 1 ml) Record the milliliters of 0.1% lye solution used.

Methanol You will need 200 ml of methanol per liter of Hemp Seed oil. Methanol may be purchased as Drigas available at most automotive stores, read the label for methanol. Also Methanol is available from racing stores. Avoid hardware store methanol (wood alcohol) as it mat contain excessive water content.

Sodium Methoxide For each liter of hemp seed oil you need one gram of granular solid lye for each ml of 0.1% lye solution used in titration of free fatty acids plus 3.5 grams. Completely dissolve the proper amount of Lye in the methanol (Red Devil Lye can be purchased from the Grocery Store). This combined mixture makes sodium methoxide.

Mixer The type of mixer depends on the size of the batch. A blender works fine for a small batch. An electric drill and paint mixer on an extended shaft works well in a 5 gallon bucket. An electric light dimmer switch provides a good speed control.

Transesterfication Once the lye catalyst is dissolved completely so that there is no sediment, then the oil may be added to the methanol lye mixture while mixing continuously. At first the mixture becomes thicker, then thinner as the reaction proceeds. Collect samples every 5 minutes with an eye dropper into a test tube or clear container. The Mixture will separate into a light top layer of bio diesel and a darker bottom layer of glycerin, soap and catalyst. Continued mixing 30 - 60 minutes until the yield remains constant. Then stop mixing. Go have lunch. When you come back it will have settled into two distinct layers. You have just made what could be the fuel of the future for a self reliant society. Let the mixture settle for at least 8 hours. Pour off and save the bio diesel top layer into another container. A clear funnel bottomed container is helpful.

Rinsing The raw Bio Diesel that you have just produced may have some catalyst, alcohol, and glycerin remaining which could cause engine problems, so for long term engine reliability this raw fuel should be rinsed with water. Gently at first then more vigorously rinse with water until the rinse water is clear and the pH of the rinse water is the same pH as the supply water. Settle, Decant.

Drying Water in the bio Diesel makes cloudy so it must be carefully heated. At 100 C most of the water coalesces and falls to the bottom. This water must be completely removed from the bottom of the container before heating to higher temperature.

CAUTION! Wear protective clothing and eyewear. FAILURE TO REMOVE THIS WATER BEFORE FURTHER HEATING CAN CAUSE VIOLENT ERUPTION OF HOT LIQUID!

Once all water has been removed then heat the bio diesel to 300 f (150 c) to complete dryness. Cool, filter, and store bio diesel in a well marked dry closed container. 100% HEMP DIESEL FUEL (HEMP OIL METHYL ESTER - HOME FUEL)

This fuel may be mixed in any ratio with petroleum diesel. Dynamometer tests indicate full power output with up to 75% reduction in soot and particles. No engine modification is needed to burn bio diesel fuel.

Other Oil Feedstocks Hemp Seed Oil at present is too expensive to drive across the country. That is not the object of this article. Our purpose is to demonstrate proof of feasibility of this fuel concept. The time is now to give hemp a chance. The small quantities of Hemp Diesel Fuel can play a powerful role in educating ourselves and the policy makers about the hope in hemp.

For other readers the question will be raised. What else can I use can I use as a feedstock that is cheaper between now and domestic hemp seed crops? Soy, Sunflower, Canola, and Safflower oils are being used in field testing programs right now.

******************************

As presented at The Future of Hemp in BC Conference Kamloops, British Columbia November 9th, 1997
by
Agua Das, consultant Original Sources
Email: aguadas@onebox.com

P O Box 7137
Boulder, CO 80306
USA (303) 237-3579, 24 hour order lineoffice: (303) 237 3579