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Tuesday, 5 June 2012

MotoCorp

NEW DELHI/MUMBAI: Hero MotoCorp , India's largest two-wheeled vehicle manufacturer, has approved a proposal to merge the investment arm of its parent into the automaker, the company said, 18 months after it announced its split from Honda Motor.

Private-equity funds Bain Capital and the Government of Singapore Investment Corp (GIC), which helped fund the company's buyout of its former partner Honda last year, will take direct stakes in the company after the merger.

Separately, Hero announced that it would spend 25.75 billion rupees ($463 million) on two new factories that would swell its capacity to over 9 million vehicles by September 2013, from 7 million today.

"From our perspective, this is the best time to invest, so that when growth comes in, we are prepared for it," said Pawan Munjal, managing director.

The investment will be funded through cash reserves of 40 billion rupees, Chief Financial Officer Ravi Sud told reporters.

Hero, which sold over 6.2 million motorcycles and scooters in the fiscal year that ended in March, has a market share of around 55 percent in the overall domestic two-wheeler market.

The Munjal family, Hero's promoters, announced in December 2010 that they would buy Honda's 26 percent stake in the automaker, ending a 26-year-old joint venture partnership.

In March 2011, Bain and GIC, through wholly-owned Indian units, made investments in Hero Investments, a holding company, which were used to help repay debt from the $851 million purchase of the Japanese company's stake.

After the merger, which is subject to approval from the Delhi High Court and shareholders of the companies involved, Bain and GIC will own 8.58 percent and 3.71 percent respectively in the automaker, the company said in a statement.

Shares in Hero, which has a market capitalization of around $6.5 billion, have risen more than 20 percent since the Honda buyout was completed in March last year.

BIOS

BIOS Firmware

BIOS stands for Basic Input/Output System. It contains basic instructions to interact with various hardware modules such as Motherboard controllers or that of interface cards. BIOS is the software that is run by a computer when first powered on.

A computer motherboard inevitably contains a BIOS chip in the form of an onboard PROM, EPROM or flash memory. When the computer is powered on, it performs diagnostic tests on the computer hardware devices such as hard drive, FDD, and memory. It searches for other BIOS's on the plug-in boards, and takes care of them. It then loads the operating system and passes control to OS. The BIOS accepts requests from the drivers as well as the applications as shown in the figure below.

BIOS is also known as PC firmware because it is an integral part of the motherboard.

Firmware on adapter cards: A computer can contain several BIOS firmware chips. The motherboard BIOS is normally used to access basic hardware components such as the keyboard, floppy drives, and hard disk controllers. Adapter cards such as SCSI, RAID, and video boards may include their own BIOS software.


Firmware generally available in different forms:

1. EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM), for updating a BIOS firm using EPROM, you may need to get a new chip from the manufacturer.
2. EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM), you can update a BIOS firmware using EEPROM using "boot to floppy", and running the Firmware update program.
3. Flash ROM - faster at rewriting the chip

A typical BIOS chip used on motherboards is shown in the figure below. Though it is a square-type PLCC package, BIOS chips come in different forms. Figure 2 shows the BIOS after insertion into the socket.:

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